presence - definition and examples of rhetorical presence

Definition: In rhetoric and argumentation, the choice to emphasize certain facts and ideas over others in order to secure the attention of an audience. Through presence, we establish the real, Louise Karon says in Presence in The New Rhetoric. This effect is primarily evoked through techniques of style, delivery, and disposition (Philosophy and Rhetoric, 1976). See also: Audience Analysis and Implied Audience Examples and Illustrations Ekphrasis and Enargia New Rhetoric(s)ProsopopoeiaPersuasion Examples and Observations: Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca write that presence is an essential factor in argumentation and one that is far too much neglected in rationalistic conceptions of reasoning. The presence of a fact or an idea is almost a sensory experience rather than a purely rational one; presence, they write, acts directly on our sensibility.Thus, in argumentation a rhetor seeks to bring his or her audience to the point of seeing the relevant facts, or experiencing the truthfulness of an idea. . . . Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca share Gorgias and the humanists intrigue with rhetorics power to direct thought, particularly rhetoric in the control of a skilled rhetorician. But their confidence in argumentation as a rational foundation of discourse is decidedly stronger than was Gorgias.(James A. Herrick, The History and Theory of Rhetoric: An Introduction, 3rd ed. Allyn and Bacon, 2005) Two Aspects of PresenceFor Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca (1969), achieving presence is a rule that guides the process of selection; we choose words, phrases, figurative images, and other discursive strategies to either (a) make something absent present to our audience or (b) increase the presence of something that has already been brought to the audiences attention. An example of the latter sense would be the way in which an orator, in a patriotic Fourth of July oration during the 19th century, would try to increase the presence of the spirit of the founding fathers.These two aspects of presence are not mutually exclusive; in fact, they frequently overlap. An advocate might begin by trying to make something present to an audience and then work to increase the presence of that item (whatever that might be). As Murphy (1994) noted, the idea of presence is a conceptual metaphor; when presence is achieved, what initially was absent almost seems to be in the room with the audience.(James Jasinski, Sourcebook on Rhetoric. Sage, 2001) Presence and Figurative LanguageThe very choice of giving presence to s ome elements instead of others implies their importance and pertinence to the discussion and acts directly on our sensibility, as illustrated by a Chinese parable: A king sees an ox on its way to sacrifice. He is moved to pity for it and orders that a sheep be used in its place. He confesses he did so because he could see the ox but not the sheep.Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca relate presence to the function of certain rhetorical figures. Leaving the customary classifications of rhetorical figures, they discuss the argumentative effects of figures. One effect is to increase presence. The simplest figures for doing this are those depending on repetition, for instance, anaphora, or interpretatio (the explanation of one expression by another--not so much for clarification as to increase the feeling of presence).(Marie Lund Klujeff, Provocative Style: The Gaarder Debate Example. Rhetorical Citizenship and Public Deliberation, ed. by Christian Kock and Lisa S. Villadsen. Penn State Press, 2012) Presence in Jesse Jacksons 1988 Convention Speech*Tonight in Atlanta, for the first time in this century, we convene in the South; a state where Governors once stood in school house doors; where Julian Bond was denied a seal in the State Legislature because of his conscientious objection to the Vietnam War; a city that, through its five Black Universities, has graduated more black students than any city in the world. Atlanta, now a modern intersection of the new South.Common ground! Thats the challenge of our party tonight. Left wing. Right wing.Progress will not come through boundless liberalism nor static conservatism, but at the critical mass of mutual survival--not at boundless liberalism nor static conservatism, but at the critical mass of mutual survival. It takes two wings to fly. Whether youre a hawk or a dove, youre just a bird living in the same environment, in the same world.The Bible teaches that when lions and lambs lie down together, none will be afraid and ther e will be peace in the valley. It sounds impossible. Lions eat lambs. Lambs sensibly flee from lions. Yet even lions and lambs will find common ground. Why? Because neither lions nor lambs can survive nuclear war. If lions and lambs can find common ground, surely we can as well--as civilized people.The only time that we win is when we come together. In 1960, John Kennedy, the late John Kennedy, beat Richard Nixon by only 112,000 votes--less than one vote per precinct. He won by the margin of our hope. He brought us together. He reached out. He had the courage to defy his advisers and inquire about Dr. Kings jailing in Albany, Georgia. We won by the margin of our hope, inspired by courageous leadership.In 1964, Lyndon Johnson brought wings together--the thesis, the antithesis, and the creative synthesis--and together we won.In 1976, Jimmy Carter unified us again, and we won. When do we not come together, we never win.In 1968, the vision and despair in July led to our defeat in Novemb er. In 1980, rancor in the spring and the summer led to Reagan in the fall.When we divide, we cannot win. We must find common ground as the basis for survival and development and change and growth.Today when we debated, differed, deliberated, agreed to agree, agree to disagree, when we had the good judgment to argue a case and then not self-destruct, George Bush was just a little further away from the White House and a little closer to private life.Tonight I salute Governor Michael Dukakis. He has run a well-managed and a dignified campaign. No matter how tired or how tried, he always resisted the temptation to stoop to demagoguery. . . .(Reverend Jesse Jackson, speech at the Democratic National Convention, July 19, 1988)* In the presidential election of November 1988, incumbent Vice President George H.W. Bush (Republican) handily defeated Governor Michael Dukakis (Democrat). The Effects of Presence and the Suppression of Presence[Charles] Kauffman and [Donn] Parson [in Metaphor and Presence in Argument, 1990] make the . . . important point . . . that the suppression of presence can have a persuasive effect. They show that metaphors with and without energeia can be used systematically, on the one hand, to alarm, and on the other, to dampen, public anxieties. For example, using metaphors with energeia, President Reagan speaks of antique Titan missiles that leave the United States naked to attack; he depicts the Soviet Union as an Evil Empire led by monsters. On the other hand, using metaphors without energeia, General Gordon Fornell creates an antipresence designed to sidestep public anxiety in the interest of further weapons procurement. The current Soviet ICBM force of 1,398 missiles, of which over 800 are SS-17, SS-18, and SS-19 ICBMs, represents a dangerous countermilitary asymmetry which must be corrected in the near term (99-100; emphasis mine). The systematic use of such colorless metaphors increases adherence by dampening what might otherwise be legitim ate anxieties.(Alan G. Gross and Ray D. Dearin, Chaim Perelman. SUNY Press, 2003)

Conclusion. In Short, Body Language Is Nonverbal...

Conclusion In short, body language is nonverbal communication which consists out of kinesics (body movement), haptics (touch) and proxemics (distance). It s very present in our everyday life since a lot of examples of body language can already be seen in merely half an hour. The function of body language might be to convey meaning, to regulate the flow of a conversation by using eye behaviour and it has the ability to influence others. Most importantly, body language expresses your emotions/identity and is able to affect our relationships through tie signs, immediacy behaviour and revealing our feelings. We can use body language in our advantage by knowing how we should use it as well as know what messages others are sending when using†¦show more content†¦(1999). Nonverbal Communication: Forms and Functions. Mountain View, CA: Mayfield Pub. ï‚ § A Primer on Communication Studies. (2012, December 29). Retrieved from http://2012books.lardbucket.org/books/a-primer-on-communication-studies/index.html ï‚ § Buller, D., Burgoon, J. (1986). The Effects of Vocalics and Nonverbal Sensitivity on Compliance. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/249471681_The_Effects_of_Vocalics_and_Nonverbal_Sensitivity_on_Compliance_A_Replication_and_Extension ï‚ § Broncher, R. (2004). A labor of love: a complete guide to childbirth for the mind, body, and soul. - ï‚ § Ekman, P. (2007). Emotions revealed: recognizing faces and feelings to improve communication. - ï‚ § Rutledge, B. (2011, August 28). Cultural Differences - Monochronic versus Polychronic. Retrieved from http://thearticulateceo.typepad.com/my-blog/2011/08/cultural-differences-monochronic-versus-polychronic.html ï‚ § Danesi, M. (2006). Kinesics. Encyclopedia of language linguistics. ï‚ § Head body language. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://changingminds.org/techniques/body/parts_body_language/head_body_language.htm ï‚ § Hargie, O. (2011). Skilled Interpersonal Interaction: Research, Theory, and Practice (5th ed.). London, UK: Routledge. ï‚ § Pease, A., Pease, B. (2004). The Definitive Book of Body Language. NewShow MoreRelatedAdvantages and Disadvantages of Nonverbal Communication in School1661 Words   |  7 Pagesand Disadvantages of Nonverbal communication in School is an important topic to be learned by human beings. This paper explores various techniques that can be utilized to manage conflict in the workplace. Advantages and Disadvantages of Nonverbal Communication in School Introduction â€Å"People cannot live without each other, we are social beings† (Marwijk). 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Cash Flow and Management Analysis free essay sample

AbstractFinancial statements are the only direct source for gauging a companys financial performance – they tell the story about profitability, financial health, and the ability to pay obligations, including returning earnings to stockholders. One of the financial statements is the statement of cash flows which is a summary of the cash flows of a company during a period of time and the change in the cash balance. The focus of the statement is on cash inflows and outflows (Subramanyam, 2014). The statement of cash flows explains the changes in the cash balance as well as changes in other assets and liabilities on the balance sheet and shows why net income differs from the cash generated or used in routine business activities. It provides the user the stage of the company within its lifecycle or the strategy taken by management or even the success (and viability) of a company as a going concern. The purpose of the statement of cash flows is to trace the cash in the company: where it came from and where it went. This is done through the classification of operating, investing, and financing cash flows, and certain noncash activities also are disclosed. Management must carefully consider all available sources and uses of funds. Therefore, it is important to analyze the movement of cash within a company. This paper will examine the statement of cash flows of General Motors Company (GM) for fiscal year 2017, 2016 and 2015, using financial ratios to evaluate the performance and risk of the company.Cash Flow and Cash ManagementThe statement of cash flows is important because it shows how much cash the company has actually generated. In contrast, the income statement includes non-cash revenues and expenses which are excluded on the statement of cash flows. Many companies show profits on the income statement but run into trouble later due to insufficient cash flows which may lead to filing bankruptcy. Cash flow analysis is an important element in the financial analysis process. It helps management identify the movement of cash inflow and outflow of the company. By enhancing cash flow management, companies position themselves to improve operational efficiency, better manage cost of capital, mitigate operational and financial risks, and improve shareholder value (Deloitte, n.d.).The statement of cash flows is an integral part of financial reporting that links the costs reflected on the balance sheet and the expenses on the income statement together for a complete picture of a companys financial health. There are three primary business activities reported on the statement of cash flows: operating, investing, and financing. Cash Flow from Operating ActivitiesThe income statement reports the success of a company in generating a profit from its operations. Operating activities are those arising from primary business activities. Revenues and expenses reported in the income statement usually generate or use cash, though the period in which revenue is earned or an expense is incurred may differ from the timing of the actual receipt or payment of cash, and some revenues and expenses do not involve cash. Receipts from cash sales, collections on receivables, and dividends and interest received on loans and investments, as well as cash payments to suppliers and employees and for operating expenses, interest, and income taxes are included in net operating cash flows. Cash flows arising from these activities are of great importance as they affect the liquidity and financial flexibility of the company.91440172212000In the ordinary course of business, General Motors cash flow is generated by selling and buying produ cts and services, including vehicles, parts, and components. Cash flows for all derivative financial instruments are classified in cash flows from operating activities. Net cash provided by operating activities has steadily been increasing since fiscal year 2014 although net income has been decreasing since fiscal year 2015.(figures from General Motors Form 10-K 2017; personal calculations)We see a significant change from 2017 to 2016 particularly with a loss of income from continuing operations of 96%.   This is due to the US tax reform legislation causing the reduction in the corporate tax rate from 35% to 21% creating a $7.3 billion offset and a $2 billion valuation allowance for the sale of the European Business (Opel/Vauxhall) which is reflected in the deferred income taxes.     Changes in working capital increased by 588% accounts receivable and inventory decreased while accounts payable increased due to increased sales allowance payments.     Pension contributions decreased approximately 50% due to discretionary contributions of $2 billion made to their US hourly pension plan in the year end of 2016.   Depreciation expense has s teadily increased over the last three years, although it is neither a source nor a use of cash. For fiscal year 2017 the net cash provided by operating activities is higher than the net income by $17,000 million as there were items that decreased net income but did not use cash, specifically: depreciation and amortization of $12,261 are expenses not requiring a cash outlay; deferred income taxes of $10,880 are an expense that has no present cash payment; and a decrease in inventory implies that cost of sales are charged by reducing inventory levels rather than by making cash payments of $440 million. Also, some items generated operating cash inflow but did not enter into the determination of net income, specifically: the decrease in accounts receivable means that cash is collected beyond the amounts recognized as sales revenue in the income statement of $1,402 million.General Motors net cash flow from operating activities generally improves when wholesale volumes increase and can drop sharply when sales volumes decrease. Working capital balances are subject to seasonal changes which generally impact cash flow. An example can be taken from the annual summer and December shutdown periods when inventories are at their lowest levels; however, payables continue to come due and be paid.A cash flow analysis should include the calculation of the companys cash flow adequacy ratio which measures the ability to generate sufficient cash from operations to cover capital expenditures, investments in inventories, and cash dividends (Subramanyam, 2014). The ratio is calculated using three years of cash from operations divided by three years of capital expenditures, inventory additions, and cash dividends. For General Motors, the cash flow adequacy ratio is:$17328 + $16545 + $11978($27633 + $29166 + $23032) + ($1350 + $320) + ($2233 + $2368 + $2242)$45851 / $88344 = 0.52A ratio of 1 or greater reflects satisfactory levels of cash source. General Motors cash flow adequacy ratio is 0.52 indicating that their internal cash sources are insufficient to maintain dividends and current operating growth levels.Cash Flow from Investing ActivitiesInvesting activities pertain to assets required and used by the company, such as plant assets, natural resources, and intangibles, as well as investments. Cash flows from investing activities include cash receipts and payments arising from the purchase or sale of these types of assets. Cash inflows and outflows as a result of these activities are reflected as capital expenditures and acquisitions in the investing section of the statement of cash flows. 45720-254000(figures from General Motors Form 10-K 2017; personal calculations)General Motors net cash flows from investing activities has been a negative amount each year; therefore, using more cash for investing activities than taking it in. This could be a healthy sign as they drive cash from operations back into the company to generate future profits. Overall, General Motors decreased the amount invested by 23% from 2016 to 2017; continuing to invest in PPE but with a 5% reduction from 2016 to 2017. Also, net cash used in investing activities decreased due to proceeds from the termination of leased vehicles increasing 160% from 2016 to 2017 and the increased collections and recoveries on retail finance receivables.Cash Flow from Financing Activities85150220789500Financing activities is the final section of the statement of cash flows and may be viewed as transactions involving the parties which provide resources to the business: the creditors and the owners. Transactions with the creditors include borrowing and repaying the principal amount of loans. Transactions with the owners include investments by the owners, distributions to the owners such as withdrawals and cash dividends, the purchase of treasury stock, and the retirement of outstanding stock. (figures from General Motors Form 10-K 2017; personal calculations)General Motors earned $12.5 billion from financing activities, in the form of repayment of loans or interest paid, dividend pay-out to shareholders, etc. There was a cash impact of ($3.51) billion due to buyback of GM shares. Proceeds from issuance of debt accounts for 56% whereas payments on debt accounts for 36%. The repurchase of stock increased 80% from 2016 to 2017 which increases the ownership of shareholders. Dividends have been paid rather consistently each year showing stability. Free Cash Flow (FCF)One of the most useful measures of cash flow is free cash flow because it includes all factors that contribute to changes in cash flow.   Thus, it is a prime indicator of the financial health of a company.   Also, investors may use it to calculate the amount of cash flow that may be available for distribution as dividends.The general concept of free cash flow is to compile the net change in cash generated by company operations, less any cash paid for working capital requirements, fixed asset purchases, and dividends (MyAccountingCourse, 2018).80645762000(figures from General Motors Form 10-K 2017; personal calculations)A company may have positive free cash flow though it is not really a healthy organization on a long-term basis.   All of the following situations generate free cash flow, but they are not indicators of a healthy company:Delaying the payment of accounts payableSelling fixed assets or delaying fixed assets purchasesReducing maintenance expenditu resReducing marketing expendituresIn the above cases, management has certainly made more cash available, but doing so may have adversely affected the long-term viability of the company.Another issue is that free cash flow can be altered by the rate of growth of a company.    If sales are declining, accounts receivable may probably be converted back into cash, which raises free cash flow (despite a declining company).   Conversely, increasing sales requires additional working capital, which reduces free cash flow. Positive FCF provides financial flexibility because the company isnt relying on the capital markets to fund its expansion.   A company with negative FCF may have to take out loans or sell additional shares to keep things going; thus, becoming a risky proposition if the market becomes unsettled at a critical time for the company.   Negative FCF is not always a bad thing in itself, particularly when it is due to the company making investments.General Motors operating cash flow has been increasing each year since 2014 while, recently, capital expenditures decreased 5% from 2016 to 2017 which caused free cash flow to decrease 18%. This is an indication that the company may not meet its obligations, will not be able to continue to operate at its current level, and may not have reserve cash to pay investors. Profitability AnalysisReturn on invested capital is important in the analysis of financial statements by assessing both risk and return. Return on invested capital refers to a companys earnings relative to both the level and source of financing. It is a measure of a companys success in using financing to generate profits, and is an excellent measure of operating performance.A companys main objective is to maximize profits. Profitability analysis is concerned with the evaluation of the overall efficiency and performance of a company. Profitability ratios help in the analysis of the operational health of the company for profit generation. If the company is able to generate profits as a result of its core operating activities, it is a sign of good operational health of a company. There are two types of profitability ratios: margins (relationship between profit and sales) and returns (relationship between profit and investments). Margin ratios measure operating efficiency with a goal of reaching a certain level of sales with minimum costs. Return ratios measure how effectively a companys management utilizes resources to generate revenue.Gross Profit Margin1531620231902000The gross profit margin indicates how efficiently the company uses its raw materials, labor, and manufacturing resources to generate profits. It is a financial metric used to determine a companys operational health by revealing the amount of money left over from revenues after accounting for the cost of goods sold (COGS). The higher the value of the margin, the better it is for the company. The formula to calculate the gross profit margin is subtracting the COGS from total sales and dividing that number by total sales. The gross profit margin for the past three years for General Motors is as follows:(figures from General Motors Form 10-K 2017 and Ford Motor Co Form 10-K 2017; personal calculations)Both companies have a positive trend of increasing sales with Ford Motor coming out ahead of General Motors but their gross profit margin isnt as strong as General Motors. To maintain efficiency, General Motors will continuously need to evaluate their pricing and cost structure, and improve on reducing costs/inventory.Net Operating Profit Margin1432560222631000Net operating profit margin (NOPAT) is used to measure a companys pricing strategy and operating efficiency. It is a measurement of what proportion of the companys revenue is remaining to pay the variable costs of production. The higher the margin, the more effective the company is in converting revenue into actual profit. A low profit margin indicates a low margin of safety and higher risk as a decline in sales will erase profits and result in net loss. The formula to calculate the profit margin is net operating profit after tax divided by sales. (figures from General Motors Form 10-K 2017; personal calculations)The operating margin of General Motors is trending upwards but is still low which indicates that the costs not directly related to production are high, and the company should find ways of reducing costs, such as overhead and administrative expenses and taxes. Management should strive to increase profits by building customer loyalty which increase sales and increase the efficiency in production.Return on Net Operating AssetsReturn on net operating assets (RNOA) is an indication of how profitable a company is based on the net assets that have been invested. This ratio lets management know how efficient they are at using the companys assets to generate earnings. Because it focuses on operational areas, it can be a better indicator of long-term future growth rates of a company. The formula for RNOA is dividing NOPAT by NOA. Net operating profit after tax (NOPAT) is derived from (Sales — Operating expenses) Ãâ€" (1 – [Tax expense/Pretax profit]). Net operating assets (NOA) is equal to operating assets less operating liabilities.403860-6096000(Source: https://ycharts.com/companies/GM/)The RNOA for General Motors is trending downward; they should strive for increasing net income which means increasing sales. General Motors has had significant restructuring and cost reduction to lower operating costs. Corporate income tax rate reduced from 35% to 21% due to the Tax Act signed into law late December 2017. General Motors income tax expense increased $7.3 billion due to the change in the tax rate. Overall, a higher RNOA is generally desirable.Horizontal / Vertical AnalysisThere are various techniques to transform financial information into forms more useful for analysis. One such technique is the horizontal and vertical analysis which analyzes year to year changes. They are both similar in nature in which each analysis involves comparing income statement and balance sheet items as a percentage of each account in dollars and percentage. The broader view is the horizontal analysis, and the narrow view is the vertical analysis. This technique is useful for external and internal users, such as management and accountants, who will analyze the significant changes and take the necessary action to resolve the problem.The horizontal analysis computes the changes from the previous year to the current in percentages. It can help gauge a companys potential by measuring its growth and/or its diminishment over time. Ideally, taking note of a companys gross profits over the years is the key. It can display a steady progression which can be used to estimate growth. However, noting a companys liabilities over time is important too. For example, assessing a companys diminishment over time through their long-term liabilities.The vertical analysis uses data from one year and expresses each item as a percentage of a base amount. For example, on the balance sheet, each entry for each of the three major categories of accounts (assets, liabilities, and equity) is represented as a proportion of the total account. The main advantage of the vertical analysis is that the balance sheets of companies of all sizes can easily be compared. It also makes it easy to see relative annual changes within one company.The chart that follows contains both a vertical and horizontal analysis of the balance sheet for General Motors. The vertical analysis shows that a majority of the accounts have remained stable with the exception of GM financial receivables (increase), equipment on operating leases (increase), deferred income taxes (decrease), and long term debt of GM financial (increase).Upon the completion of each of the different analyses performed on General Motors, the management team will be empowered in making positive business decisions to increase profitability and cash flow in the next fiscal year. General Motors adequacy ratio of 0.52 indicates the company has insufficient internal cash source to support dividend payments and current operational growth. Management should pay attention to those periods of downtime in sales that affect overall cash flow. A continuous decline in sales shows solvency distress that can cause disruption in business operations and profits.3124198382000ReferencesDeloitte US. (n.d.). Strategies for optimizing your cash management. Retrieved from https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/ca/Documents/finance/ca-en-FA-strategies-for-optimizing-your-cash-management.pdfGarcia, Madison. (2017, September 26). How to Improve the Return on Net Operating Assets. Bizfluent. Retrieved from https://bizfluent.com/how-12060667-improve-return-net-operating-assets.htmlGeneral Motors Company. (2018). 2017 10-K form. Retrieved from https://www.gm. com/content/dam/gm/en_us/english/Group4/InvestorsPDFDocuments/02-pdfs/10-K.pdfMyAccountingCourse. (n.d.). Free Cash Flow. Retrieved from https://www. myaccountingcourse.com/financial-ratios/free-cash-flowSubramanyam, K. (2014). Financial Statement Analysis. (11th ed.) New York, NY: McGraw-Hill

My Vegetable Love Should Grow/vaster Than Empires And More Slow Is An Example Of Essay Example

My Vegetable Love Should Grow/vaster Than Empires And More Slow Is An Example Of Essay The first thing that strikes when you read these 17th Century poems is the theme of pre 19th century gentlemens attitudes towards sex and personal relationships, where women are the ones who are held responsible for sexual morality. The Beggar Woman and To His Coy Mistress, are both poems which deal with relationships between men and women. When the poems were written, society was very difference; women did not have status or independence, it was a society dominated by males, in all aspects of life. The Beggar Woman is a very good example which defines the different status between men and women at the time. The similarity between the two poems is that they show how experiences of love and relationships for men and women, mirrored the roles each sex played in other areas of life. The man who is featured in this poem is very high up in society due to his wealthy background. However, you wouldnt be led to think this as what he is after isnt very upper class. For he himself had other game in view, here there is no doubt he certain means for the beggar woman and the author has cleverly played with words here too. The fact the man had originally gone out into the woods hunting with his fellow gentleman, the author decides to play with the words here, and uses the term game to refer to the game of hunting, and game, as if having sex with this woman is a game, indicating he thinks that this beggar woman is a prostitute. King deliberately and continuously emphasises on the word gentleman as he is trying to show hes not acting very gentleman like. When he talks to the woman, he refers to her as Mistress. We will write a custom essay sample on My Vegetable Love Should Grow/vaster Than Empires And More Slow Is An Example Of specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on My Vegetable Love Should Grow/vaster Than Empires And More Slow Is An Example Of specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on My Vegetable Love Should Grow/vaster Than Empires And More Slow Is An Example Of specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The reason he is being so polite is because he wants to have sex with her. Obviously, this shows his view on women; that theyre there to be used at mens pleasure. His situation as the end, to the gentlemans horror, is that he is left with the baby. This is totally unexpected as the gentleman didnt expect it, as did the audience. This is because the entire time, we are led to believe that the woman was in control, as for a period we are convince that she is a prostitute, as she knows of a quiet place, I know of an unfrequented place. So, from this moment on, the reader is lead to think that the gentleman is in control, but right at the end we realise she is the clever one. However, clever though it may seem, the question is, will the gentleman return to his friends, carrying a baby? Given the status and situation of men in the 18th Century they didnt really bring up a baby, they left it to the women. It was very rare to find a child without a mother in those days, as babies were always cared for by the women. His options are; he could return to his fellow gentleman, and face embarrassment, but pay some house maids on women to raise the baby for him, or just leave it to die? Nevertheless, I believe he is more likely to take the baby and raise it because he could use a simple excuse by suggesting he found the baby and raise him. Even more, is the relationship wouldnt be any different to the one he could possible have if was married, as he could simply hire someone to look after the child. However, there is the possibility that one day the woman could claim that the child belonged to her, and announce these secret liasions shed been having, and the baby b elonged to the man. This would be difficult, as the gentleman may find it hard to accept a baby that he doesnt know if he belongs to him, and the background from which he came from, poor, like the beggar woman herself, and that she might one day try to claim and embarrass the gentleman. Obviously times have changed since the seventeenth century; one significant thing is womens rights and the way they are treated. In the seventeenth century, women certainly had different, and if not any rights in comparison to men. In this case, it because the beggar woman has a totally different status to the gentleman. Due to his background and history, he is thought as a gentleman because he is wealthy, which makes him a very reputable man. We can tell the difference in status as the gentleman is on horseback and shes walking, He ambles on before, she trots behind. However, you wouldnt be led to think that there is a difference due to the way he refers to her, Mistress, as if she was extremely lady-like, a wealthy woman basically, which she isnt. This is respect has been given to her, so that the gentleman can convince, or charm his way into having sex with her. We are also led to believe to think that other than to think she is familiar to these liaisons, she is in fact a prostit ute, as she suggests a place to the gentleman where the can have sex, I know of an unfrequented place. This suggests she knows what she is doing. In the end, we know that the beggar woman tricks the man, and the baby ends up with him, but one key reason to why she may this is suggested as she refers to the baby as her Burthen. This is because she is suggesting the baby will cost her a lot more money to feed and raise, but as we know, she is a beggar woman, and she is probably earning enough money just to survive, so she hands him over as she hasnt the money to support him. The beggar womans actions raise a very serious point about relationships and responsibilties as she freely gives her child to a man she doesnt even know. We dont know how she feels about giving away her baby, but the fact that she tricked the gentleman so cleverly may suggest that she has done it before. The gentleman treats and speaks to her very respectfully, as he thinks the way to convince and persuade her to have sex with him, is to respect her, and so refers to her as Mistress. He also asks, And what if we should Retire a little way into the wood. So to lead the gentleman on, the beggar woman agrees. Her next clever step was to then convince then man that she will have sex with him, leading him into a false sense of security, as she suggests a place to go, I know an unfrequented place. The gentleman now obviously thinks that he is going to have sex with the beggar woman. So the gentleman, in a false sense of security, convince he will be having sex any minute now, attempts to rush into having sex with her, Come Ill the knot untie, And, if you mean the child, Ill lay it by. The beggar woman sees her chance to trick the man, and responds, by explaining that if the man were to lay the baby by, it would cry, That cant be done, for the twill cry. She then explained that the only way to stop the baby from crying is if it is on someone elses back. She is clearly, and cleverly hinting to the gentleman that the only way they are going to have sex is if the baby is on his back, while in fact it is a trap. The man falls straight into the trap, and instantly offers to carry the baby on his s houlders, as he eagerly awaits to have sex with the beggar woman, I should be loth, To come so far and disoblige you both: Were the child tied to me, dye think twould do? This is the final stage of her plan; she put the baby on the gentlemans back, quite willingly, Might well so! Oh lord! If tied to you! This again is another trick to convince the gentleman he is about to have sex. But as soon as she has put the baby on his shoulders, Sir good bye. She walks away, leaving him with the baby, trusting him to look after it, I trust the child to you with all my heart. She planned to leave the gentleman with the baby from the beginning as she tricked him into thinking he was going to have sex, but her aim was to teach that women are not just objects or things to have sex with, and that there are consequences, only the women have to put up with them, not the men. So she decided to turn the tables, and on this occasion, she decided to give the gentleman a taste of what its like to look after a child, the consequences of having sex. Perhaps the main moral of the poem is Thinking before you act. However the question is, can she really trust the baby to with all her heart? We dont know what he may do. Due to the poet writing this poem in a particular or a stylistic way, he has clearly increased the awareness towards the moral and the subject matter in the story. One way he does this is his regular rhyme scheme and a regular rhythm. One example, or very many, is A gentleman in hunting rode astray, More out of choice that he lost his way: This is the first two lines, and instantly a funny, entertaining sort of atmosphere is created, due to the use of rhyming couplets, which are two lines with words at the end which rhyme. However, this isnt true of all poems. Some people believe that a good poem must always rhyme, but it isnt really the case. Some of the best poems dont rhyme at all. Nevertheless, it is extremely difficult and complicated to produce a poem with rhyming couplets and William King does it exceptionally well. Even more, he includes a moral in the story, which is also sometimes difficult to do. When poets do end up producing a rhyming poem it usually sounds a bit contrived and a little silly, but William King produced an entertaining poem with a moral, which was filled with rhyming couplets, which sounded very natural. It must have taken a lot hard work and effort to produce a poem with qualities which include an interesting story which finishes with a moral, which also includes rhyming couplets all the way through it. Also the poem also has rhythm. Because it is a narrative poem (a poem with a story) it flows very well, without any need for breaks, or pauses; this is why there are no verses in the poem. The fact that it flows so well, may suggest that it was used for entertainment during the 17th century. It could have been recited at events such as parties, or maybe in the street for money. This is because of the tone or atmosphere created by the story and the rhyming couplets. They provide an up-lifting type of tone, one used for entertainment. Due to the story, people m ay find it funny, and the rhyme and rhythm add to that. To His Coy Mistress and Beggar Woman, are poems that are different in a number of ways; especially in the style chosen by the poet of To His Coy Mistress, Andrew Marvell. We can tell this instantly as the poem isnt as immediately accessible because of vocabulary, intellectual argument and philosophical ideas. However, the Beggar Woman isnt like this as it is a story, or a narrative poem. To His Coy Mistress isnt a narrative poem, but a poem that is a syllogistic argument, designed to address the gentleman in the poems mistress. A syllogism is the way an argument is structured, and if it is well put together, the person you are arguing against cannot argue against you, in this case, the gentleman intends to make this a watertight argument, so that the woman cannot argue against him. A good syllogism is structured using three sections; If, But, and Therefore. To His Coy Mistress is a well structured syllogism, as we can identify these three sections. The first, or the if section of To His Coy Mistress, explains what would happen if there was enough time in the world. In one extract from To His Coy Mistress, he explains that if they were to have sex, we would adore her very much, Two hundred to adore each breast: But thirty thousand to the rest This is a classic example, and he even uses sexual innuendo. What it means is, if the woman were to have sex with him, he would adore her very much, so much he would adore each breast for two hundred years, and thirty thousand to the rest of her body. Another classic example, suggesting what the gentleman would do if they were to have sex is, My vegetable love should grow, Vaster than empires, and more slow. This example means that his love for her may grow slow, but bigger than empires. He compares his love growing like a vegetable, which constitutes the idea that his love is like a plant; growing and expanding constantly, but slowly naturally, and hopefully developing into something fruit ful. However this can only happen if there is enough time for him to do so. At line 21, a new section begins; the second, or but section, which basically explains, but we dont have enough time. And so the man attempts to convince his mistress by using the time they have, by charming her. One classic example is the gentleman suggests that if the woman were not to have sex with him, that she wouldnt have sex again, Nor, in thy marble vault, shall sound My echoing song: then worms shall try, That long-preserved virginity. Graphic as this line is, what he explains is that if the woman werent to have sex with him, she would never lose her virginity, except for when she dies, and she is underground, were the worms can get to her, and they will take her virginity. Though this may sound rude and vulgar, it is the intended effect, so that he can frighten her into having sex with him. The last, or therefore which can be interrupted to therefore, we need to make the most of our time that is left. So he now attempts to explain to her what they could do to make the most of this time, And now, like amorous birds of prey He uses this comparison referring to what they could, and hopefully will be; amorous meaning loving and affectionate, and birds of prey as those types of animals are powerful, great, and dominant figures, which the gentleman hopes the woman and himself will be like. This isnt included or necessary in the Beggar Woman, as it isnt a syllogistic poem, its a narrative poem which tells a story. Nevertheless, though an argument isnt shown in the poem, it does bring up an argument, whether the beggar woman should have just given her child away so easily. The gentleman in the poem doesnt just show his intellectual argument skills, he also shows, but doesnt state, his philosophy on life. The man clearly explains time goes by very quickly, and explains to the woman that you really need to take those chances you get in life, or you will regret them. A term given to his philosophy is Carpe Diem which is Latin for Seize the day. An example which shows his philosophy on life is But at my back I always hear, Times winged chariot hurrying near. What the gentleman attempts to explain hear is that time goes by very quickly. One main and obvious similarity between the two poems is that they use rhyming couplets. This is a very difficult feature to include in poems as often, they sound silly, but in both of these cases, they are used effectively, but for different reasons. In the Beggar Woman, rhyming couplets at the end, which add a punch line are used for added entertainment. The poem was produced for entertainment, but with the added rhyme, it adds more entertainment, as well as a flow and rhythm in the poem. One example is A gentleman in hunting rode astray, More out of choice, than that he lost his way. In this example, the very first lines of the poem, the poet explains that the gentleman, who went hunting with fellow gentleman, deliberately lost his way. However, Marvell deliberately uses rhyming couplets in his poem, but not for the same reason; he adds the rhyming couplets in for added effect, for further enhancement so that the gentleman can convince the woman easier. For, lady, you deserve this state; Nor would I love at lower rate. Here he attempts to charm her, by saying she is worthy of being loved so much. The fact that Marvell wrote this poem to make it easier for the gentleman to argue and convince the woman to have sex with him, might suggest that he was that gentleman. The speaker in To His Coy Mistress also appears as in The Beggar Woman to be taking the lead in pursuing this relationship. The speaker in To His Coy Mistress works hard and cleverly to try and convince the woman to have sex with him. During these lines his main aim is to flatter her, and in some ways, exaggerate his possible love for her. The examples for his love for her, A hundred years should go to praise, Thine eyes, and on thy forehead gaze. Two hundred to adore each breast: But thirty thousand to the rest. These lines mean that hell worship her eyes and her forehead as he admires her so much, then says that hed adore each breast for two hundred years, but thirty thousand to the rest. This is because he attempts to flatter he, as in his eyes, he believes she is beautiful, and so explains his over admiration. At the beginning he does exaggerate, which in some ways is good as it may appeal to the woman, My vegetable love should grow, Vaster than empires, and more slow Here he is explaining that that if she was to spend the rest of his life with her, his love would grow both more and stronger for her. Right now, his love is in the early stages and if she was to wait or it to grow, it would be vast. During the but section, which starts at line twenty, he attempts a new tactic to convince her; he attempts to maybe shock her by using explicit references which are quite graphic, Now let us sport us while we may; And now like amorous birds of prey, Rather at once our time devour. The man graphically puts across lets them have sex, only he uses the term prey, a powerful, strong animal, to describe the type of sex the could have. However, he may not have spoilt his chances, as he was just building up to what he really wants, Thus, though we cannot make our sun, Stand still, yet we will make him run. Here the man says that though he cant make time stand still, they can make the most of it, every last minute. In some ways, this male character in this story, is similar to the man from the other story as they both want to have sex with a woman, but they both approach the matter in a gentleman like way. One example in the Beggar Woman is that the man refers to the beggar woman as mistress which indicates he was attempting to flatter her, one of the rare occasions in that poem. However in To His Coy Mistress his respect for the woman is quite regular; though he may not refer to as mistress, he constantly flatters her, one example is within the first few lines, Thou by the Indian Ganges side, Shouldst rubies find: I by the tide Of Humber would complain. What he means here is the fact that she is so special she should walk by the Indian Ganges, and he would just walk along the sides of a the Humber. Here he flatters her as he is making her feel special. So, the similarity between the two men is that the both attempt to flatter the women they want to have sex with. The behaviour of the man in To His Coy Mistress is really in some ways inappropriate, and in others, clever. In some ways it was inappropriate as approaching a lady with such graphic and explicitness is considered quite rude. One very graphic example is line twenty seven and twenty eight, Then shall worms shall try, That long-preserved virginity This is quite impolite as he explains, if she wasnt to have sex with him, then when she dies the worms will have her virginity, which is very graphic. Though this may have possibly have scared the woman, it may have also convinced her to have sex with this man as she may have been so frightened, of the thought of worms, she would prefer to lose her virginity to him, this is the clever part. However, we do not the outcome; we can only predict and presume. In comparison to the woman in the Beggar Woman, this woman in To His Coy Mistress is simply on the receiving end of the speakers words. In the Beggar Woman, the woman has an active role, as she is in control of what is happening; one example is when she tricks the gentleman to put the baby on his back, Were he child tied to me, dye think twould do? `Might well, sir! Oh Lord! If tied to you! In these lines explains the turning point where the woman cleverly hands the baby to the gentleman without him even realising, as he is so concerned about what might happen. In To His Coy Mistress, the woman plays an extremely passive role, as she doesnt even make a single comment. Information we know about the woman in this poem is that she is from a rich family. We know that she is from a rich family as in the poem he refers to her burial place, when she dies, as the Marble vault which in those days, was only possessed by the rich and wealthy. Also, the most frequent and obvious point involving the woman, is that in the eyes of the man she is very beautiful. The alleged beauty of the woman works perfectly to the advantage of the man, as he continuously and repeatedly attempts to flatter and charm with his over-exaggerated terms he uses to describe the woman. One of the many examples, is line nineteen and twenty, For, lady, you deserve this state: Nor would I love at lower rate This is one of the many classic examples the man uses to charm and flatter the woman as he explains that she deserves and is worthy of being loved so much, because she is beautiful, special and unique. The beauty of the woman in this poem is continuously mentioned, whereas in the Beggar Woman, the beauty of the woman isnt mentioned once. The significance of the beauty of the woman was totally ignored; as she is thought as a beggar woman, or a mere prostitute, she doesnt need to be convinced to have sex with him, as its her job.. In the 17th Century, it was quite frequent, and secretive, for rich, wealthy, gentleman to just have sex with an prostitutes, and this is the reason why the gentleman doesnt attempt to convince the woman into having sex with him, because he thinks as she is a prostitute and her job is having sex she will have sex with him Another significant factor may also be that because she is a beggar woman, not a rich woman from a wealthy family. Both women however are similar, though their backgrounds and possible appearance maybe different. Both men, incidentally enough, want to have sex with the woman they are with. This may make the women feel like objects, just to be used for sex. The man in the Beggar Woman treats the woman disrespectfully as he considers her not as important as her as she is a beggar woman, while the man in To His Coy Mistress treats the woman with lots of respect, and attempts to charm and flatter her. However, though the men both seem to think they may be in control, both women in fact have the upper hand. The man in the Beggar Woman seems to be very eager and convinced he is having sex with the beggar woman, when in fact in the end, she tricks him, and leaves him stranded with the baby, whereas in To His Coy Mistress, the man attempts to flatter the woman, and even cleverly arranges his argument into a syllogism, but in the end, its the decision of the woman, and she can either say yes, and agree wi th the man, or just simply turn him down, and he cant do much about that. The fact that both men only want the women for sex, really just sums up the rights of women pre 17th Century. They clearly were just thought as objects, things just used for either sex or some form of entertainment, for men, rich wealthy ones in particular. Well in these cases, the women have the upper hand, and in the Beggar Woman, the woman attempts to teach the man a lesson, while in To His Coy Mistress, the man tries and attempts to convince the woman to go to bed with him. Clever it may seem, but its the womans decision if she wants to or not. Despite being written hundred of years ago, both poems raise relevant and contemporary issues about relationships. It shows clearly the males dominated society, and used women for sex. The point of view shown in the Beggar Woman is quite unacceptable, as the man, deliberately lost his way, to find a prostitute to have sex with. In my opinion, the way shown in To His Coy Mistress, is a lot more politer and acceptable. Some of the points of view shown in this that can be applied to modern day society is the fact that people need to take responsibility of there actions; in the poems, its is just the women that take action for consequences they only had half a part in, not the men, who contribute to the other half. As modern readers, we can learn to take responsibility, and the consequences of sex. This can help raise the profile of using protection and contraception, for modern day teenage readers like me.

Smurfs essays

Smurfs essays At the height of the Cold War, a new cartoon emerged. Little blue people called Smurfs sang and skipped into the hearts of the American populace. The good, clean antics of the Smurfs were the model of American values, or were they? One should look closely at the Smurfs, their values, their cultures. Surprise! The Smurfs were not capitalistic at all. They were Communists! Communist practices and doctrine have not only infiltrated American television, but they have also become integral parts of America itself. Communism has even become a part of the American education system. How has communism been adopted into the American educational system? Some examples of this infiltration into the classroom include one of the Ten Planks of Communism, atheism, controlled learning, propaganda, school to work programs, and busing. Communism as it is known today was first proposed by Karl Marx in 1848 when he published The Manifesto of the Communist Party (Leone 13). Marx envisioned a Utopian societ y where everyone was equal. Such a society would combine growth with fairness by allowing the bureaucrats to make most of the decisions concerning the economy (Samuelson). As in The Smurfs, there would be no money, and everyone would contribute what they could and receive what they needed (Schmidt). There would be one manor source of income, and the entire collective would contribute to that source. At the time of Marx, communism stiff fell under the category of socialism. During the last twenty-five years of the nineteenth century, there was a split in the Socialist Party, and communism began to be recognized as a movement of its own. The original Communists were small extremist groups of revolutionaries within the European socialist movement. It was not until the Russian Revolution in 1917 that socialism and communism finally parted ways (Leone 14). By 1985, over one-third of the population of the world claimed to be Marxist, including countries in Europe...

The Argentine and Ukraine

The Argentine and Ukraine The Argentine and Ukraine The Argentine and Ukraine By Maeve Maddox A reader wonders about the phrase â€Å"the Argentine†: I often come across the phase the Argentine in older books. People are said to go out to the Argentine for vacation or business. Mostly, these books are by British authors. I cant find any information about why Argentina was once called the Argentine- what does Argentine mean that it would need the definite article? The official name of the country we call Argentina is Repà ºblica or Confederacià ³n Argentina. The country is named for the Rio de la Plata. Plata is the Spanish word for silver. In naming the country, the Latin word for silver, argentum, was chosen instead of the Spanish equivalent. The usual rule in English limits the article to countries whose names are plural or include such words as kingdom and republic. For example: the Central African Republic the Czech Republic the Dominican Republic the United Arab Emirates the United Kingdom the United States An exception to this rule is the country of Gambia. In 1964, the prime minister’s office issued a directive that the country was to be called â€Å"The Gambia† (with a capital T). The reason given was to avoid confusion with newly independent Zambia. Another reader, a US resident but a native of Ukraine, mentions her annoyance at such exchanges as this one: New Acquaintance: Where are you from? New Resident: Ukraine.†¨ New Acquaintance: Oh, the Ukraine. She doesn’t understand why people insist on prefacing Ukraine with an article. Quoted in a BBC article, Oksana Kyzyma of the Embassy of Ukraine in London asserts that Ukraine is both the conventional short and long name of the country. The region was called â€Å"the Ukraine† in English when it was part of the USSR. Then its official name was â€Å"the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic.† Now, although parts of the country are reported to be held by Russian forces, Ukraine continues to be known internationally as Ukraine, without an article. Note: Another good reason to leave off the article with Ukraine is the fact that neither the Ukrainian nor the Russian language has a definite article. Of course, many speakers are not going to observe the conventions. One possible explanation for the fact that some countries acquire an unofficial the is that the country name is closely associated with a geographical feature. In English, the names of geographical features such as mountain ranges, island groups, rivers, seas, oceans, and canals are prefaced with the definite article. For example: the Alps the Canaries the Rhà ´ne the Indian Ocean the Suez Canal the Plata Perhaps speakers who say â€Å"the Argentine† associate the country with the river for which it is named. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Creative Writing 10150 Idioms About Meat and Dairy ProductsGrammar Review #1: Particles and Phrasal Verbs

LBST Assignment 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

LBST Assignment 3 - Essay Example stant faith the head authority is the individual, in orthodox Christianity this authority has been given to the seven ecumenical councils of their church. In other Christian groups, the scriptures are the main guidelines of faith but in the Eastern Church the writings of Greek fathers such as John Chrysostom, and St. Basil the Great are relied on heavily for teachings and some of their faith confessions of the 17th century are seen to have only historical significance (ReligionFacts, 2004). The Eastern churches place their emphasis on an individual’s experience with the truth and was able to produce a lot of what would be considered significant theological and philosophical thought in the first millennium and this is in contrast with the Western churches. Sin is viewed as the cause of the blurring of the human state from being in the image of God to being less human and ends in death according to the Eastern Church. In their opinion, salvation was set to reestablish mans relationship with God and reunite humans with the divine and not as a legal pardon as is the belief with the Western churches. These maintain the belief that human beings had freedom which they abused in the form of sin and it was taken away accompanied by a punishment and this is where grace and the forgiveness of sin through the and salvation comes in. The churches differ in their opinions of the trinity. The Eastern Church delves more into the preexistent and divine nature of Christ contrary to the Western Churches that delve more into the human nature of Christ. The difference in their views of the Holy Spirit led to the 11th century split due to the addition of the word filioque that was supposed to elaborate the divinity of the Son (ReligionFacts, 2004). The Eastern Church holds the belief that the spirit and the son have their origin from the father but the addition implies that the spirit proceeds from the father. The churches do not disagree on all religious view points. Both churches

Scientific study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Scientific study - Essay Example This is one of the major reasons for which the ratio of Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere does not match with high or overestimation growth of atmospheric CO2 predicted by Earth System models. This paper will help in better understanding and modeling of carbon climate feedbacks [1]. 1. The author use different models to illustrate the carbon-climate response. They used Community Land Model 4.5 (CLM4.5), LeafWeb and FvCB model for the evaluation of this scientific study or to answer the question [1]. One of the evidence that has been put forward by the author claims that empirical global gm model for C3 plant species are developed. These are completely based on a synthesis of data in the literature. It should be noted that the author has presented all the data concerning the subject of matter with careful placement of statistics and formulas. Also, the implementation of the C3 plant species is allowed contrasting simulations that either consider or omit the mesophyll diffusion limitation. Herein, it is important to note that there are two types of simulations (gm-including and gm-lacking simulations). The author has clearly present the following inclination in the research method section , â€Å"A parameter conversion function that was developed from leaf gas e xchange dataset collected by LeafWeb to enable a correct comparison between the gm-including and gm-lacking simulations and it was based on CLM4.5 formulation of FvBC model† [1]. Furthermore, strict actions were undertaken in order to promulgate any difference in the trend of GPP between simulations can be attributed unambiguously to the mesophyll diffusion treatments [1]. 4. Finally, the readers can make use of the article for reference as it is conclusive of the fact that total ΔCFE between the gm-including and gm lacking simulations for global GPP increased. The increase was marked from the year 1901 to 2010. Slight pre-1950 increase in ΔCFE is followed after 1950 and this pattern shows that

Managing Change Essay Example for Free

Managing Change Essay An investor should be benefited from the construction project; the benefits include profits, business development, utilization of resources and jobs. The investors will be interested to invest in the project only when there are accurate forecasts that would provide long term benefits. The construction industry is highly uncertain, and there is a possibility of risk. As the risks influence the profits, it is important to anticipate the assumption of risks and be calculated into a feasibility analysis and this would avoid the risks for the benefit of the investor. Firmansyah, 2006). Construction industry has many problematic issues in the United Kingdom and majority of the problems have been the direct consequences of the decisions taken by the professionals of the construction industry, and the financial institutions. Project feasibility study enables optimization to provide the profits. The present study will suggest some changes to be adapted for the feasibility of the construction project. Problem statement Construction industry in the economic downturn has problems from the financial institutions and professionals. This constraint has reduced the profits and the constraints are largely associated with the decisions of the professionals. An effective planning requires the adoption of some changes that make the project feasible in order to get the profits. Zenith is a construction company is losing profits as the projects are not feasible due to the non-adoption of changes in decision making by the professionals and financial institutions. Present study The present study is a project feasibility study that analyses the problems associated with the construction industry and suggest the changes to be adopted by the management of the Zenith construction company for the project to be feasible. Problems and issues of the construction industry in UK House purchase credit facilities Owning a house is becoming increasingly difficult to various sectors in the society due to the lack of funds to invest on commercial development projects. Population size and demographics Population is increasing and also becoming older, and an important aspect is that there is no correlation between the population growth and the households. The growth of the households is disproportionate with the increasing population. Consequently there is also a significant change in the demographics. Density of the population United Kingdom has become one of the densely populated areas of Europe and this creates a lot of pressure that cannot be sustained. This pressure is mostly towards the countryside with limited natural resources. Brownfield development The Government has restricted the construction work on the green fields, and sixty percent of the construction work should be targeted on the brown fields. Environmental impact on buildings There are environmental concerns arising due to the unsustainability emanating from millions of buildings which are existing and the new building that are built every year. The activities of the construction industry such as demolition, maintenance, repair and conversion poses an immediate and long term problems to the environment. However, this has decreased relatively with reference to the construction industry. Brown field development The Government of UK introduced a planning policy that aims at increasing the use of Brown field sites for construction. This policy promotes greening and addresses the public fears on the spreading of the cities to the low density rural lands. There are certain empty lands left by the major manufacturing industries that incurred heavy losses and some areas of the city which require regeneration. The development of these areas may provide some solution at least to some extent to the demand for housing in the commercial market of UK. The target set out by the government to develop new houses was sixty percent by 2008, however, in the policy the term PPS3 means vacant lands and the lands which are in use and have potential for development. The percentage of the new homes built on the brown fields increased from 53 to 56 percent in ten years. If the refurbishments works included in the policy are considered there is an increase of 3 percent and it is not a difficult task to achieve. Some commentators argue that the target for brown field can be raised to 100 percent by taking up the development in north and mid lands. Another viable alternative includes the utilizing the existing lands and buildings, as the construction of new buildings is expensive. The forecast is that there may be a still more shortage of financial resources in future. Population density A high level of density placed a heavy pressure on the country side for its natural resources. Pressure has increased on utilization of the green belt and other open areas for housing to meet the demands in the commercial markets. There is a decrease in the percentage of green and pleasant land, as there is a 5 percent increase in the construction of home in the rural areas. (Department for Environment and Rural Affairs. 2000) The situation can be improved if the existing buildings are used in an efficient way. Feasibility study The feasibility studies for any project are aimed at knowing the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in the business environment. The study is also carried out for knowing about the required resources, and the possibility of success. Feasibility study assesses the cost of project and the value attained from those costs and a good feasibility study provides a historical background of the product, accounts, operations and management, financial data, legal requirements and tax structures. (Justis,et,al, 1979). Five common factors of feasibility study Technology and system feasibility The aim of carrying out the technological feasibility study is to find out the technological capabilities of the company in terms of hard ware, software, expertise, and personnel to handle the project up to its completion. Economic feasibility The effectiveness of the new system is evaluated with economic analysis, and the expected benefits and savings are compared with the costs. The cost factors include the development costs and the operating costs and the analysis of these factors determines the deliverable benefits from the system. The economic analysis also considers a time based study to know about the time required to get returns from the investment. Legal feasibility The data processing system should comply with the local data protection act. Operational feasibility Operation feasibility determines the capability of the system to solve the problems. Schedule feasibility This measures how well reasonable the project time table is, and determines whether the deadlines are mandatory or desired. Adaptation With the problems and issues associated with the construction of households, it is proposed to alter or adjust the structure in an environment to suit the new conditions that includes alterations, extensions, improvement, and other works. The three main forms of adaptations include conversion, extension and refurbishment. In addition to this, alteration, conservation, modernization and maintenance also comprise adaptation. A lot of benefits are associated with the adaptation of the existing building instead of demolishing it and constructing a new building after clearing the site this is refurbishment. (Douglas,2002). Technical and operational feasibility A lot of factors favor refurbishment that include the †¢ social factors : that conserve energy and resources, and preserve the historic monuments that avoids a social resistance to this change economic factors: shorter construction periods, keeping the business running, condition of the building, constraints in planning, insufficient funds, necessity to upgrade the structure, high land values, uncertainties such as long term value, loss of investment and constraints in development. (Kwayke, 1994) Economic feasibility Cost control was a problem followed by a variation and pricing of tenders, however, control of the dust and noise occupied the top position of the problem issues. (Egbu,1996). For the feasibility study of a refurbishment work it is important to allot sufficient time in the early stages of the project, in such a way that the design, procurement, and construction can be based on the findings of the feasibility studies. Most of the studies suggest that there are more benefits associated with the adaptation. The benefits are increase in the speed of construction, and when the time for the feasibility study for refurbishment is considered, it is 50 percent less than the time required for a fresh new construction. Adaptation projects have fewer chances for delay particularly from weather. When the refurbishment work begins, there will be external envelopes and the roof covering, and with the case of new construction time is required for demolition, removal of the resulting waste, and for the delivery of the new materials. There will be least disruption in the buildings of the neighbors, and cost to refill is reduced. Delay due to the delivery of material would be very less as most of the required materials already exist. With a thorough feasibility study, it is possible to control the costs with an effective forecasting. The duration of the project will be less; consequently the borrowings and the loss of earnings will be less. There will no problem for the savings for the site security, and the other costs associated with the site establishment and running costs. Other important issue to be considered for the feasibility for refurbishment includes least impact on the environment. The movement of vehicles will be less, least amount of materials that go to the landfill, reduction in the use of new materials and the energy as well as costs associated with it. In addition to this there will be preservation of the heritage as some people argue that some of the architectural features are better than the new erections. Change programme of the company Taking the advantages of adaptation into consideration, the company can take adaptation either as refurbishment, conversion, or alteration in order to make the project feasible. Considering the requirements of the client The surveyor should be in a position to advise the client on the viable alternatives to the new construction, and be able to present them. The total costs for a building project will include the cost of the land, cost of acquiring and preparing the site, cost of demolition and physical preparation, cost of building, professional fees for the whole project, cost of disposal, and the cost of financing. (Ferry and Brandon, 1984). Defining the problem After the details of the problem are clarified, the scope of the decision can be defined. The decision maker should focus the attention on the major aspects of the decision. The decision should be based on the financial situation of the client and a considerable amount of time should be allotted to this activity. Setting the objectives After knowing about the requirements of the client, it is important to consider what is hoped to achieve the decision and the aims to work. The client decision making should be directed towards specific objectives to be achieved within the allotted time and cost parameters. Determining the options This is a creative process, and it is the process of generating the alternatives, that would satisfy the requirements of the client. The thoughts should be focused on producing viable and suitable options, and for this the client, and in the present study adaptation is the viable and suitable option. Deployment phase It is the responsibility of the surveyor to develop an appropriate strategy for deployment. Developing a contingency plan is also required. Control phase The control is exercised upon the feedback of the information from the actual performance when compared with the predetermined plan. (Watson,2009) Feed forward phase This phase involves the critical analysis of the entire decision making activity, and this phase actually involves taking the experience obtained from the previous projects. (Cook and Slack,1984). The key issues to be addressed for building adaptation Suitability of the building †¢ structure of the building †¢ condition of the building †¢ aesthetics †¢ Project brief †¢ sustainability †¢ legal issues †¢ change of use Conclusions Adaptation process can solve the problems and issues of household and commercial building of UK and it is also important to consider the environmental issues while taking a decision on the feasi bility of the construction work. When decision on construction is considered it is important to take decisions on costs and environmental issues. The due consideration should also be given to initial costs and future running costs. These factors should be incorporated into the decision making model. In the present study the project would be feasible when it is refurbished given the advantages associated with the adaptation rather than reconstruction. When all of the above facts are taken into consideration the project is feasible in deriving the profits and good will to the company for its sustainability. Decision making model [pic] References 1. Cook, S. and Slack, N. (1984) Making Management Decisions, Prentice-Hall International Inc, London, UK, ISBN 0-13-547837-5. 2. Douglas, J. 2002) Building Adaptation, Butterworth Heineman, Oxford, ISBN 0-7506-5085-0. 3. Department for Environment and Rural Affairs. (2000) Countryside Survey — Accounting for Nature: Assessing Habitats in the UK Countryside [online], Retrieved from : http://www. defra. gov. uk/wildlife-countryside/cs2000/02/01. htm Accessed February 2007. 4. Egbu, C. (1996) Characteristics and Difficulties Associated with Refurbishment. Constructio n Papers No. 66, CIOB, Ascot. 5. Ferry, D. J. and Brandon, P. S. (1984) Cost Planning of Buildings, BSP Professional Books, London, UK, ISBN 0-632-02403-8 . Firmansyah . A,B et. al(2006) Risk analysis in feasibility study of building construction project: case study -Pt. Perusahaan Gas Negara Indonesia. The Tenth East Asia-Pacific Conference on Structural Engineering and Construction August 3-5, 2006, Bangkok, Thailand Retrieved from http://eprints. qut. edu. au/6551/1/Trigunarsyah_EASEC_10_5. pdf 7. Department for Environment and Rural Affairs. (2000) Countryside Survey — Accounting for Nature: Assessing Habitats in the UK Countryside [online], Retrieved from : http://www. efra. gov. uk/wildlife-countryside/cs2000/02/01. htm Accessed February 2007. 8. Justis, R. T. Kreigsmann, B. (1979). The feasibility study as a tool for venture analysis. Business Journal 9. National Statistics Online. (2005) Population — UK Population Grows to 59. 6 million [online], Retrieved fro m : http://www. statistics. gov. uk/cci/nugget. asp? id=760 Accessed February 2007. 10. Paul Watson (2009) The key issues when choosing adaptation of an existing building over new build Journal of Building Appraisal (2009) 4, 215–223

Trends And Current Problems In Aviation: Cockpit Voice And Flight Dat

Problem statement One of the most scrutinized pieces of evidence gathered from an aircraft accident is the collection of information contained in the Cockpit Voice Recorder and Flight Data Recorder. CVRs and FDRs paint an often haunting, but frequently useful picture of what occurred during the last minutes of an accident flight. This is not to say, however, that the recorders are always conclusive, or even useful. There are a handful of cases where the CVR and FDR tapes have broken, failed to record, stopped recording early, or not captured enough information to be useful to the investigation. Advancements in these devices are not new to the industry; however, the pace is slow to incorporate new technology into current fleets. Justification Concerns surrounding Cockpit Voice Recorders and Flight Data Recorders stem from all corners of the aviation industry. There are currently five outstanding NTSB recommendations to the FAA regarding the use of and reliability of CVRs and FDRs. Of these five suggested improvement areas, the FAA has yet to respond to any of them, prompting the NTSB to place the issues on their list of Top 10 Most Wanted Safety Recommendations. Documented cases will be presented in this text where CVRs and FDRs have stopped recording seconds, and even minutes, before an accident. Other cases will examine incidents where the focus shifts to a hypothesis as to what may have been recorded on earlier portions of the tape. Either way, strong cases will be built to justify having CVR and FDR tapes not only record longer, but to record more information as well. Herein, we shall identify existing problem areas, areas where work is ongoing, and areas for which future plans are in existence. These topic areas can be identified as follows: à ºÃ‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  FDR and CVR carriage requirements for new aircraft à ºÃ‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  FDR and CVR carriage requirements for existing aircraft (retrofit) à ºÃ‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Independent power supplies à ºÃ‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cockpit video recording à ºÃ‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Deployable recorders à ºÃ‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  NTSB recommendations Background History Flight information recorders have been in use on commercial aircraft since the 1950’s. The FAA requires both CVRs and FDRs to be installed on all aircraft capable of carrying ten or more passengers when u... ... a loss of power would result in 1/3 of the transcript being taped over. A good case is presented for 2 hour-long tapes. As technology speeds into the blue yonder, we can expect to see more innovations in in-flight recordings. Civil aviation has not progressed to the point where video cameras and deployable recorders are viable and reliable devices. Will it ever? We can speculate. For now, the recommendations that lie before the FAA appear sufficient. The current trends and problems surrounding recorders have seemed to be addressed by the Safety Board. It is up to the Feds now. Works Cited FDR/CVR. 2 May 2000. Frostell, Caj. â€Å"Flight Recorder Carriage Requirements.† Online Posting. 2 May 2000. Nordwall, Bruce. â€Å"Deployable Recorders Provide Potential Boon to Crash Recoveries.† IPN International Product News. 20 March 2000. 86-87. Safety Issue: Automatic Recording Devices. 2 May 2000. Sight Recorder. 2 May 2000. Chris Dahlstrand Trends and Current Problems in Aviation

Making Best Use of Windows Server 2003

The basis of technology development lies in bettering the older systems and coming to terms with enhanced functions in our information systems, etc.   Without the operating system, however, the information system technology would barely come to anything.   Hence, the Windows Server 2003 was developed as an enhancement to the Windows Server 2000, taking â€Å"the best of Windows 2000 Server technology and make it easier to deploy, manage, and use.†   Ã¢â‚¬Å"The result,† as described by Microsoft, is â€Å"a highly productive infrastructure that helps make your network a strategic asset for your organization.†Ã‚   The world’s leading company for operating systems, once charged with near-monopolistic practices in an anti-trust trial, further reported on the new addition to the operating system family that Microsoft continues to be famous for: As of March 28, 2005, all Windows Server 2003 operating systems ship with  Windows Server Service Pack 1 (SP1).   Windows Server 2003 SP1 provides enhanced  security, increased reliability, and a simplified administration to help enterprise  customers across all industries†¦Ã‚   In addition, in December 2005, Standard, Enterprise,  and Datacenter editions of Windows Server 2003 R2 were released, offering Active  Directory, storage, and branch office enhancements for customers (â€Å"Introducing the  Windows,† 2006). Released only recently, the Windows Server 2003 has become the talk of every computer technician today.   One of its key features is its enhanced availability through improved â€Å"clustering support.†Ã‚   Microsoft reports that â€Å"clustering services† are very important to trade, where inputs and outputs, imports and exports must be clustered so as to ease organizational functioning.   Windows Server 2003 allows for just that.   Besides, it helps in â€Å"scalability,† and not just â€Å"manageability.†Ã‚   Also according to the maker of the new operating system: Clustering installation and setup is easier and more robust in Windows Server 2003,   while enhanced network features in the product provide greater failover capabilities  and high system uptime.   The Windows Server 2003 operating systems supports server  clusters for up to eight nodes.   If one of the nodes in a cluster becomes unavailable  because of failure or maintenance, another node immediately begins providing service,  a process known as failover.   Windows Server 2003 also supports network load  balancing (NLB), which balances incoming Internet Protocol (IP) traffic across nodes  in a cluster (â€Å"Introducing†). As far as support and training are concerned, it has been confirmed that Windows Server 2003 is meant to make communications easier than before, not just between the organization and the users of the operating system, but also between the organizational users of the system and the customers of the organization.   The R2 Standard Edition of the Windows Server 2003 was made by collaboration between â€Å"third-party hardware and software partners† of Microsoft (â€Å"Overview of Windows,† 2005). Similarly, the company ensures that there are experts (Microsoft Certified Consultants) available to guide people through the process of installing any one of the following: (1) Windows Server 2003, Standard Edition; (2) Windows Server 2003, Enterprise Edition; (3) Windows Server 2003, Datacenter Edition (for highest availability); and (4) Windows Server 2003, Web Edition (Microsoft Certified Consultants). Seeing as Microsoft’s Windows Server 2003 is targeting businesses for the most part, the operating system – truly one of its kind – is packaged with sure technical support and training.   Microsoft’s business is tough, and the abundance of Microsoft experts in every nation in the world proves that the Windows Server 2003 would survive in firm business. Windows Server 2003 has training courses available with it (â€Å"Windows Server 2003,† 2007).   What is more, it is Microsoft’s intention to sell more of its countless software amenities to businesses after giving the new operating system to many of them for free.   Given that no other operating system company has thus far been able to meet or match the practices of the giant (â€Å"near-monopoly†) – the Windows Server 2003 would capture its unique market until a more advanced operating system, with better availability, support, and training, arrives out of Microsoft to substitute and complement the Server 2003. References Introducing the Windows Server 2003. (2006, January 24). Microsoft. Retrieved 26 May 2007, from http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/windowsserver/bb429524.aspx. Overview of Windows Server 2003 R2 Standard Edition. (2005, December 6). Microsoft. Retrieved 26 May 2007, from Microsoft.com. Microsoft Certified Consultants. Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Help: Consulting, Support, Troubleshooting.Retrieved 26 May 2007, from http://www.progent.com/microsoft_windows_server_2003.htm. Windows Server 2003. (2007). Symantics. Retrieved 26 May 2007, from http://www.systematix.co.uk/mstech/windows-2003-training.

Global Environmental Issues

Environmental issues are a major problem in our world, and all people need to recognize the need for our social obligations. The effect of humans on our planet has increased significantly over the years. Not only is the population constantly growing, there is â€Å"new technical power to dig deeper, cut faster, build larger, and traverse more quickly great distances in automobiles, trucks, and planes† (Brown, 2001). Severe environmental issues have appeared throughout the world as a result. It is very important that environmentalists work to educate everyone so that they can learn how to make the most effective ethical decisions in order to preserve nature. There are ethical and social obligations that the world needs to consider when it comes to environmental issues. People do not have respect for nature because they think they are superior, but everyone should learn how to live in harmony with nature and the environment. It is critical that we learn how to preserve our world in which we live. Climate change and global warming, gas emissions, population growth, and energy security are just a few of the many areas of environmental issues that we need to address in our world. All of these areas could have disastrous global consequences, and everyone should learn how to make the best decisions to try to protect the environment. â€Å"The climate is changing. The earth is warming up, and there is now overwhelming scientific consensus that it is happening, and human-induced. With global warming on the increase and species and their habitats on the decrease, chances for ecosystems to adapt naturally are diminishing. Many are agreed that climate change may be one of the greatest threats facing the planet† (Anup, 2009). Global warming and climate change can be best described as an increase in average global temperatures. The increases in â€Å"greenhouse gases† such as carbon dioxide created by human activities are one of the main causes contributing to the increase of global temperatures (Anup, 2009). Many people do not understand exactly the meaning of greenhouse gases. â€Å"The meaning of the greenhouse effect can be defined in these following steps: ? Energy from the sun drives the earth’s weather and climate, and heats the earth’s surface; ? In turn, the earth radiates energy back into space; ?Some atmospheric gases including water vapor, carbon dioxide, and other gases trap some of the outgoing energy, retaining heat somewhat like the glass panels of a greenhouse; ? These gases are therefore known as greenhouse gases; ?The greenhouse effect is the rise in temperature on Earth as certain gases in the atmosphere trap energy (Anup, 2009). † Here is an illustration showing the increased levels of gases that affect everyone on our planet. Gas emissions can be a huge problem that we are facing in today’s world. Human industrialization processes are growing at a very rapid pace. Carbon dioxide is the most significant of the greenhouse gases although it is not the strongest one (Anup, 2009). Most of the industrialized nations are responsible for the carbon dioxide emissions that can cause so much damage. The more underdeveloped countries do not contribute as much to this problem. Global warming affects us in more ways than we realize. Global warming will possibly lead to the following situations: rapid global heating, dramatic increase in greenhouse gas emissions, ozone loss, warming of the oceans, permafrost thawing, oceanic changes, massive extinction of species, and sudden collapse of biological and ecological systems may occur (Anup, 2009). The over population of the planet is also a concern for environmental ethics. The increased population helps to increase the amount of greenhouse gases, but it mainly contributes to the consumption of our world’s natural resources. The more advanced countries like the United States use so many resources. Our people waste so much more than they help to conserve. â€Å"Energy security is a growing concern for rich and emerging nations alike. The past drive for fossil fuel energy has led to wars, overthrow of democratically elected leaders, and puppet governments and dictatorships. † There are many concerns and fears which include oil and other fossil fuel depletion, reliance on foreign sources of energy, energy demands rising from advancing developing countries such as China and India, economic efficiency versus population growth debate, and renewable and other alternative energy sources. Shah, 2009). Many people are scared that we are wasting too much of our fossil fuels. They think that if we keep going at our current rate, we will quickly use up all of our fossil fuels. People need to try to consider all of the facts so that we can make good ethical decisions. It would be very wise to invest in alternatives to fossil fuels. In the present and future, we need to work on preser ving as much as we possibly can. Currently, we are trying to find alternative fuel sources instead of using all of our oil. That is just one example of ethical decisions that we are committing to. If everyone was informed about all of the dangers so that they could better understand the issues we are facing, they might possibly make better ethical decisions in their daily lives. Concluding, everyone in our world needs to wake up and notice what is going on around them. If we want our children to have a safe place to live in this world, we need to start doing everything that we can in order to protect and preserve it. It is our moral and social obligations to make ethical decisions because our decisions affect everyone around us. Climate change and global warming, gas emissions, population growth, and energy security are just a few of the things that we need to worry about. It is our responsibility to educate ourselves on these issues so that we can implement better and safer processes to use. Working together, we can help to come up with new ideas and slow down our destruction of our environment and homes. References Anup, S. (2009, December 30). Climate Change and Global Warming. Retrieved January 17, 2010, from Global Issues: http://www. globalissues. org/issue/178/climate-change-and-global-warming Brennan, A. , & Lo, Y. -S. (n. d. ). Environmental Ethics. Retrieved January 15, 2009, from The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2009 Edition): http://plato. stanford. edu/archives/win2009/entries/ethics-environmental Brown, D. A. (2001). The Ethical Dimensions of Global Environmental Issues. Retrieved January 21, 2010, from American Academy of Arts & Sciences: http://www. amacad. org/publications/fall2001/brown. aspx Ruggiero, V. R. (2008). Thinking Critically About Ethical Issues, (7th Edition). New York: McGraw-Hill. Shah, A. (2009, Novemeber 20). Energy Security. Retrieved January 16, 2010, from Global Issues: http://www. globalissues. org/artical/595/energy-security Global Environmental Issues Environmental issues are a major problem in our world, and all people need to recognize the need for our social obligations. The effect of humans on our planet has increased significantly over the years. Not only is the population constantly growing, there is â€Å"new technical power to dig deeper, cut faster, build larger, and traverse more quickly great distances in automobiles, trucks, and planes† (Brown, 2001). Severe environmental issues have appeared throughout the world as a result. It is very important that environmentalists work to educate everyone so that they can learn how to make the most effective ethical decisions in order to preserve nature. There are ethical and social obligations that the world needs to consider when it comes to environmental issues. People do not have respect for nature because they think they are superior, but everyone should learn how to live in harmony with nature and the environment. It is critical that we learn how to preserve our world in which we live. Climate change and global warming, gas emissions, population growth, and energy security are just a few of the many areas of environmental issues that we need to address in our world. All of these areas could have disastrous global consequences, and everyone should learn how to make the best decisions to try to protect the environment. â€Å"The climate is changing. The earth is warming up, and there is now overwhelming scientific consensus that it is happening, and human-induced. With global warming on the increase and species and their habitats on the decrease, chances for ecosystems to adapt naturally are diminishing. Many are agreed that climate change may be one of the greatest threats facing the planet† (Anup, 2009). Global warming and climate change can be best described as an increase in average global temperatures. The increases in â€Å"greenhouse gases† such as carbon dioxide created by human activities are one of the main causes contributing to the increase of global temperatures (Anup, 2009). Many people do not understand exactly the meaning of greenhouse gases. â€Å"The meaning of the greenhouse effect can be defined in these following steps: ? Energy from the sun drives the earth’s weather and climate, and heats the earth’s surface; ? In turn, the earth radiates energy back into space; ?Some atmospheric gases including water vapor, carbon dioxide, and other gases trap some of the outgoing energy, retaining heat somewhat like the glass panels of a greenhouse; ? These gases are therefore known as greenhouse gases; ?The greenhouse effect is the rise in temperature on Earth as certain gases in the atmosphere trap energy (Anup, 2009). † Here is an illustration showing the increased levels of gases that affect everyone on our planet. Gas emissions can be a huge problem that we are facing in today’s world. Human industrialization processes are growing at a very rapid pace. Carbon dioxide is the most significant of the greenhouse gases although it is not the strongest one (Anup, 2009). Most of the industrialized nations are responsible for the carbon dioxide emissions that can cause so much damage. The more underdeveloped countries do not contribute as much to this problem. Global warming affects us in more ways than we realize. Global warming will possibly lead to the following situations: rapid global heating, dramatic increase in greenhouse gas emissions, ozone loss, warming of the oceans, permafrost thawing, oceanic changes, massive extinction of species, and sudden collapse of biological and ecological systems may occur (Anup, 2009). The over population of the planet is also a concern for environmental ethics. The increased population helps to increase the amount of greenhouse gases, but it mainly contributes to the consumption of our world’s natural resources. The more advanced countries like the United States use so many resources. Our people waste so much more than they help to conserve. â€Å"Energy security is a growing concern for rich and emerging nations alike. The past drive for fossil fuel energy has led to wars, overthrow of democratically elected leaders, and puppet governments and dictatorships. † There are many concerns and fears which include oil and other fossil fuel depletion, reliance on foreign sources of energy, energy demands rising from advancing developing countries such as China and India, economic efficiency versus population growth debate, and renewable and other alternative energy sources. Shah, 2009). Many people are scared that we are wasting too much of our fossil fuels. They think that if we keep going at our current rate, we will quickly use up all of our fossil fuels. People need to try to consider all of the facts so that we can make good ethical decisions. It would be very wise to invest in alternatives to fossil fuels. In the present and future, we need to work on preser ving as much as we possibly can. Currently, we are trying to find alternative fuel sources instead of using all of our oil. That is just one example of ethical decisions that we are committing to. If everyone was informed about all of the dangers so that they could better understand the issues we are facing, they might possibly make better ethical decisions in their daily lives. Concluding, everyone in our world needs to wake up and notice what is going on around them. If we want our children to have a safe place to live in this world, we need to start doing everything that we can in order to protect and preserve it. It is our moral and social obligations to make ethical decisions because our decisions affect everyone around us. Climate change and global warming, gas emissions, population growth, and energy security are just a few of the things that we need to worry about. It is our responsibility to educate ourselves on these issues so that we can implement better and safer processes to use. Working together, we can help to come up with new ideas and slow down our destruction of our environment and homes. References Anup, S. (2009, December 30). Climate Change and Global Warming. Retrieved January 17, 2010, from Global Issues: http://www. globalissues. org/issue/178/climate-change-and-global-warming Brennan, A. , & Lo, Y. -S. (n. d. ). Environmental Ethics. Retrieved January 15, 2009, from The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2009 Edition): http://plato. stanford. edu/archives/win2009/entries/ethics-environmental Brown, D. A. (2001). The Ethical Dimensions of Global Environmental Issues. Retrieved January 21, 2010, from American Academy of Arts & Sciences: http://www. amacad. org/publications/fall2001/brown. aspx Ruggiero, V. R. (2008). Thinking Critically About Ethical Issues, (7th Edition). New York: McGraw-Hill. Shah, A. (2009, Novemeber 20). Energy Security. Retrieved January 16, 2010, from Global Issues: http://www. globalissues. org/artical/595/energy-security